Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Gerson, Kristin D.
• Loder, Aaron
• Landau, Zachary
• Anton, Lauren

Titel

Xenobiotic metabolites modify immune responses of the cervicovaginal epithelium: potential mechanisms underlying barrier disruption

Ist Teil von

• BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2024-04, Vol.131 (5), p.665-674

Ort / Verlag

England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc

Erscheinungsjahr

2024

Quelle

Wiley Blackwell Single Titles

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Objective Xenobiotic metabolites are exogenous biochemicals that can adversely impact reproductive health. We previously identified xenobiotics in cervicovaginal fluid during pregnancy in association with short cervix. In other organ systems, xenobiotics can modify epithelial barrier function. We hypothesise that xenobiotics dysregulate epithelial cell and macrophage immune responses as a mechanism to disrupt the cervicovaginal barrier. Design In vitro cell culture system. Setting Laboratory within academic institution. Sample Vaginal, ectocervical and endocervical epithelial cell lines and primary macrophages. Methods Cells were treated with diethanolamine (2.5 mM), ethyl glucoside (5 mM) or tartrate (2.5 mM) for 24 h. Main outcome measures Cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases were measured in cell supernatants (n = 3 per condition). One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Dunnett's test for multiple comparisons was performed. Results Diethanolamine induces inflammatory cytokines, whereas ethyl glucoside and tartrate generally exert anti‐inflammatory effects across all cells. Diethanolamine increases interleukin 6 (IL‐6), IL‐8, interferon γ‐induced protein 10 kDa (IP‐10), growth‐regulated oncogene (GRO), fractalkine, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP‐1), MMP‐9 and MMP‐10 (p < 0.05 for all), factors involved in acute inflammation and recruitment of monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes. Ethyl glucoside and tartrate decrease multiple cytokines, including RANTES and MCP‐1 (p < 0.05 for all), which serve as chemotactic factors. Vaginal cells exhibit heightened inflammatory tone compared with cervical cells and macrophages, with a greater number of differentially expressed analytes after xenobiotic exposure. Conclusions Xenobiotic metabolites present in the cervicovaginal space during pregnancy modify immune responses, unveiling potential pathways through which environmental exposures may contribute to the pathogenesis of cervical remodelling preceding preterm birth. Future work identifying xenobiotic sources and routes of exposure offers the potential to modify environmental risks to improve pregnancy outcomes.