Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Butler, L. Rainer
• Gonzalez, Julia
• Pedra, Joao H.F.
• Oliva Chavez, Adela S.

Titel

Tick extracellular vesicles in host skin immunity and pathogen transmission

Ist Teil von

• Trends in parasitology, 2023-10, Vol.39 (10), p.873-885

Ort / Verlag

England: Elsevier Ltd

Erscheinungsjahr

2023

Quelle

MEDLINE

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Extracellular vesicles (EVs) found in tick saliva are becoming increasingly important in understanding the relationship between ticks and their hosts.Tick-borne intracellular bacteria can manipulate EV secretion and may hijack the EV biogenesis pathway to establish a niche and successfully replicate.Tick EVs aid in transmission of tick-borne pathogens, but the outcome of infection may depend on the type of pathogen transmitted.Tick EVs can mitigate the inflammatory immune response of the mammalian immune system. Ticks can transmit a variety of human pathogens, including intracellular and extracellular bacteria, viruses, and protozoan parasites. Historically, their saliva has been of immense interest due to its anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and anesthetic properties. Only recently, it was discovered that tick saliva contains extracellular vesicles (EVs). Briefly, it has been observed that proteins associated with EVs are important for multiple tick-borne intracellular microbial lifestyles. The impact of tick EVs on viral and intracellular bacterial pathogen transmission from the tick to the mammalian host has been shown experimentally. Additionally, tick EVs interact with the mammalian skin immune system at the bite site. The interplay between tick EVs, the transmission of pathogens, and the host skin immune system affords opportunities for future research. Ticks can transmit a variety of human pathogens, including intracellular and extracellular bacteria, viruses, and protozoan parasites. Historically, their saliva has been of immense interest due to its anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and anesthetic properties. Only recently, it was discovered that tick saliva contains extracellular vesicles (EVs). Briefly, it has been observed that proteins associated with EVs are important for multiple tick-borne intracellular microbial lifestyles. The impact of tick EVs on viral and intracellular bacterial pathogen transmission from the tick to the mammalian host has been shown experimentally. Additionally, tick EVs interact with the mammalian skin immune system at the bite site. The interplay between tick EVs, the transmission of pathogens, and the host skin immune system affords opportunities for future research.