IEEE transactions on systems, man and cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics, 2004-12, Vol.34 (6), p.2366-2376
2004
Volltextzugriff (PDF)
Details
- Autor(en) / Beteiligte
- Titel
- Recognition of online handwritten mathematical expressions
- Ist Teil von
- IEEE transactions on systems, man and cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics, 2004-12, Vol.34 (6), p.2366-2376
- Ort / Verlag
- United States: IEEE
- Erscheinungsjahr
- 2004
- Quelle
- IEEE Xplore
- Beschreibungen/Notizen
- This paper aims at automatic understanding of online handwritten mathematical expressions (MEs) written on an electronic tablet. The proposed technique involves two major stages: symbol recognition and structural analysis. Combination of two different classifiers have been used to achieve high accuracy for the recognition of symbols. Several online and offline features are used in the structural analysis phase to identify the spatial relationships among symbols. A context-free grammar has been designed to convert the input expressions into their corresponding T/sub E/X strings which are subsequently converted into MathML format. Contextual information has been used to correct several structure interpretation errors. A new method for evaluating performance of the proposed system has been formulated. Experiments on a dataset of considerable size strongly support the feasibility of the proposed system.
- Sprache
- Englisch
- Identifikatoren
- ISSN: 1083-4419eISSN: 1941-0492DOI: 10.1109/TSMCB.2004.836817Titel-ID: cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_28539220
- Format
- –
- Schlagworte
- Algorithms, Artificial Intelligence, Automatic Data Processing - methods, Character recognition, Colon, Computer Graphics, Computer vision, Cybernetics, Documentation - methods, Electronics, Equations, Error correction, Handwriting, Handwriting recognition, Image Enhancement - methods, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted - methods, Information Storage and Retrieval - methods, Interpretation of two-dimensional structures, Markov Chains, Mathematical analysis, mathematical expression (ME), Mathematics, Models, Statistical, multiple-classifier system, Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted, Object recognition, On-line systems, Online, online character recognition, Pattern recognition, Pattern Recognition, Automated - methods, performance evaluation, Reading, Recognition, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Shape, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Structural analysis, Symbols, Two dimensional displays, User-Computer Interface