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Giants of the Amazon: How does environmental variation drive the diversity patterns of large trees?
Global change biology, 2023-09, Vol.29 (17), p.4861-4879
2023
Volltextzugriff (PDF)

Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte
Titel
Giants of the Amazon: How does environmental variation drive the diversity patterns of large trees?
Ist Teil von
  • Global change biology, 2023-09, Vol.29 (17), p.4861-4879
Ort / Verlag
England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Erscheinungsjahr
2023
Quelle
Wiley-Blackwell Journals
Beschreibungen/Notizen
  • For more than three decades, major efforts in sampling and analyzing tree diversity in South America have focused almost exclusively on trees with stems of at least 10 and 2.5 cm diameter, showing highest species diversity in the wetter western and northern Amazon forests. By contrast, little attention has been paid to patterns and drivers of diversity in the largest canopy and emergent trees, which is surprising given these have dominant ecological functions. Here, we use a machine learning approach to quantify the importance of environmental factors and apply it to generate spatial predictions of the species diversity of all trees (dbh ≥ 10 cm) and for very large trees (dbh ≥ 70 cm) using data from 243 forest plots (108,450 trees and 2832 species) distributed across different forest types and biogeographic regions of the Brazilian Amazon. The diversity of large trees and of all trees was significantly associated with three environmental factors, but in contrasting ways across regions and forest types. Environmental variables associated with disturbances, for example, the lightning flash rate and wind speed, as well as the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation, tend to govern the diversity of large trees. Upland rainforests in the Guiana Shield and Roraima regions had a high diversity of large trees. By contrast, variables associated with resources tend to govern tree diversity in general. Places such as the province of Imeri and the northern portion of the province of Madeira stand out for their high diversity of species in general. Climatic and topographic stability and functional adaptation mechanisms promote ideal conditions for species diversity. Finally, we mapped general patterns of tree species diversity in the Brazilian Amazon, which differ substantially depending on size class. Diversity patterns of large trees and general tree diversity in the Amazon exhibit variations based on environmental factors associated with disturbances and growth resources. Large species are more susceptible to disturbances, such as increases in lightning rate and wind speed, leading to reduced diversity in impacted areas. In contrast, general tree diversity in the Amazon is influenced by growth resources, such as water availability and light penetration. High‐resource areas support greater tree diversity, while low‐resource areas exhibit lower diversity. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for conservation strategies, ensuring the preservation of both large species and overall tree diversity.
Sprache
Englisch
Identifikatoren
ISSN: 1354-1013
eISSN: 1365-2486
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16821
Titel-ID: cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2832577513
Format
–
Schlagworte
big trees, Biodiversity, Biogeography, diversity map, Ecological function, Environmental factors, forest ecology, forest inventory, Forests, Guiana Shield, Lightning, Lightning flashes, Machine learning, Photosynthetically active radiation, Plant diversity, Plant species, Radiation, Rainforests, remote sensing, Species diversity, species richness, Trees, Wind speed

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