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A variety of transhepatic percutaneous biliary procedures are appropriate for the treatment of pathologies of the biliary system.
The aim of this article is to describe best practices for performing percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with placement of a biliary drain (PTCD), percutaneous transhepatic removal of bile duct stones, percutaneous stenting of the bile ducts, and percutaneous treatment of postoperative bilioma.
The authors reviewed existing literature on relevant current recommendations and presented them based on their own facility's approach.
Biliary interventions are mostly aimed at treating some form of cholestasis of benign or malignant etiology. The technical success rate is up to 90%.
Percutaneous biliary interventions are safe and effective procedures in the treatment of pathologies of the biliary system, preferably used when endoscopic access is not possible due to anatomical conditions.