Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Carreira, Ana Rita
• Rodrigues-Barros, Sandra
• Silva, Júlia Cunha
• de Almeida, Matilde Ferreira
• Machado, Inês
• Cardoso, João Nobre
• Campos, Nuno

Titel

Tobacco effects on ocular surface, meibomian glands, and corneal epithelium and the benefits of treatment with a lipid-based lubricant

Ist Teil von

• Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology, 2023, Vol.261 (1), p.171-184

Ort / Verlag

Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Erscheinungsjahr

2023

Quelle

SpringerLink

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Purpose Our aim was to evaluate the ocular surface in chronic smokers and to assess the benefit of sodium hyaluronate (SH) versus semi-fluorinated alkane (SFA) eyedrops on tear film, meibomian glands, and corneal epithelial thickness (CET). Methods This prospective randomized single-blinded study included smokers, who applied one eyedrop of Hyabak® on one eye (SH group) and one eyedrop of EvoTears® on the fellow eye (SFA group) 4 times daily for 2 months, and age-matched non-smokers. Ocular surface parameters, including tear film break-up time (TBUT) test and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score, lipid layer thickness (LLT), meibography (LipiView®), and CET measurements (Zeiss Cirrus HD-5000®), were assessed at baseline and after treatment. Results Seventy-eight eyes were included in the smokers group (39 in the SH subgroup and 39 in the SFA subgroup) and 42 eyes in the control group. At baseline, the smokers group had a higher prevalence of dry eye (100% vs 0%, p  < 0.001) and of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and lower CET measurements than controls ( p  < 0.05). TBUT, CFS, and LLT (controls vs SFA group: 64.02 ± 1.87 nm vs 49.56 ± 4.33 nm, p  = 0.05) improved in the SFA subgroup after treatment, but not in the SH subgroup, and became equivalent to those of controls. Prevalence of dry eye decreased in the smokers group after treatment (controls vs SH group vs SFA group: 0% vs 12.82% vs 16.26%, p  > 0.05). Meibomian gland morphological parameters and CET did not improve after treatment ( p  < 0.05). Conclusions Smoking is associated with dry eye, MGD, and corneal epithelial thinning that seem to be only partially reversible with topical lubricants, preferably SFA.