Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Hong, H.T.
• Takagi, T.
• O'Hare, T.J.

Titel

An optimal saponification and extraction method to determine carotenoids in avocado

Ist Teil von

• Food chemistry, 2022-09, Vol.387, p.132923-132923, Article 132923

Ort / Verlag

England: Elsevier Ltd

Erscheinungsjahr

2022

Quelle

MEDLINE

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• •The retainment of carotenoid-containing micelles leads to quantitative losses.•KOH concentrations have a significant effect on saponification reaction.•A duration of 60 min is the optimal time for saponification reaction.•A fully optimised extraction procedure for quantification of carotenoids in avocado.•Carotenoid content in avocado is higher than previously reported. Quantification of carotenoids in avocado fruit is a great challenge due to their co-extraction with high-oil concentration and the inherent nature of carotenoids to degrade and undergo cis/trans photoisomerization with prolonged extraction times and high temperatures. The study provides an optimised and validated methodology for quantification of carotenoids in the high-oil avocado matrix, with > 93% recovery of all carotenoids tested being significantly greater than previously published. Saponification with 15% KOH for 60 min was optimal for the avocado matrix. For the first time, this study identified that soap, produced during the saponification reaction, resulted in a significant reduction of carotenoid content from the avocado matrix, due to the production of micelles. A significantly higher carotenoid content (3.58 versus 2.0 mg/100 g DW) was able to be extracted after saponification with acidified phosphate buffer, instead of water as reported previously. Carotenoid profiles of five avocado cultivars were identified and quantified.