Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Han, Sifei
• Zhang, Robert F.
• Shi, Lingyun
• Richie, Russell
• Liu, Haixia
• Tseng, Andrew
• Quan, Wei
• Ryan, Neal
• Brent, David
• Tsui, Fuchiang R.

Titel

Classifying social determinants of health from unstructured electronic health records using deep learning-based natural language processing

Ist Teil von

• Journal of biomedical informatics, 2022-03, Vol.127, p.103984-103984, Article 103984

Ort / Verlag

United States: Elsevier Inc

Erscheinungsjahr

2022

Quelle

MEDLINE

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• [Display omitted] •Social determinants of health (SDOH) are non-medical factors that can profoundly impact patient health outcomes.•SDOH are rarely available in structured electronic health record (EHR) data, codes but are more commonly found in unstructured narrative clinical notes.•Deep learning model not well studied in all SDOH categories; previous studies are ad-hoc with subset of categories.•Our deep learning model accurately classified all SDOH categories with micro-F1 = 0.690, macro-AUC = 0.907.•We created an annotation guideline which is useful to other researchers want to continue doing their research based on our study.•Our dataset comes from MIMIC-III which is a public available dataset. Social determinants of health (SDOH) are non-medical factors that can profoundly impact patient health outcomes. However, SDOH are rarely available in structured electronic health record (EHR) data such as diagnosis codes, and more commonly found in unstructured narrative clinical notes. Hence, identifying social context from unstructured EHR data has become increasingly important. Yet, previous work on using natural language processing to automate extraction of SDOH from text (a) usually focuses on an ad hoc selection of SDOH, and (b) does not use the latest advances in deep learning. Our objective was to advance automatic extraction of SDOH from clinical text by (a) systematically creating a set of SDOH based on standard biomedical and psychiatric ontologies, and (b) training state-of-the-art deep neural networks to extract mentions of these SDOH from clinical notes. A retrospective cohort study. Data were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) database. The corpus comprised 3,504 social related sentences from 2,670 clinical notes. We developed a framework for automated classification of multiple SDOH categories. Our dataset comprised narrative clinical notes under the “Social Work” category in the MIMIC-III Clinical Database. Using standard terminologies, SNOMED-CT and DSM-IV, we systematically curated a set of 13 SDOH categories and created annotation guidelines for these. After manually annotating the 3,504 sentences, we developed and tested three deep neural network (DNN) architectures – convolutional neural network (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM) network, and the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) – for automated detection of eight SDOH categories. We also compared these DNNs to three baselines models: (1) cTAKES, as well as (2) L2-regularized logistic regression and (3) random forests on bags-of-words. Model evaluation metrics included micro- and macro- F1, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). All three DNN models accurately classified all SDOH categories (minimum micro-F1 = 0.632, minimum macro-AUC = 0.854). Compared to the CNN and LSTM, BERT performed best in most key metrics (micro-F1 = 0.690, macro-AUC = 0.907). The BERT model most effectively identified the “occupational” category (F1 = 0.774, AUC = 0.965) and least effectively identified the “non-SDOH” category (F = 0.491, AUC = 0.788). BERT outperformed cTAKES in distinguishing social vs non-social sentences (BERT F1 = 0.87 vs. cTAKES F1 = 0.06), and outperformed logistic regression (micro-F1 = 0.649, macro-AUC = 0.696) and random forest (micro-F1 = 0.502, macro-AUC = 0.523) trained on bag-of-words. Our study framework with DNN models demonstrated improved performance for efficiently identifying a systematic range of SDOH categories from clinical notes in the EHR. Improved identification of patient SDOH may further improve healthcare outcomes.