Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Anis, Ehraz
• Xie, Aoji
• Brundin, Lena
• Brundin, Patrik

Titel

Digesting recent findings: gut alpha-synuclein, microbiome changes in Parkinson’s disease

Ist Teil von

• Trends in endocrinology and metabolism, 2022-02, Vol.33 (2), p.147-157

Ort / Verlag

United States: Elsevier Ltd

Erscheinungsjahr

2022

Quelle

MEDLINE

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Two hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are the widespread deposition of misfolded alpha-synuclein (αSyn) protein in the nervous system and loss of substantia nigra dopamine neurons. Recent research has suggested that αSyn aggregates in the enteric nervous system (ENS) lead to prodromal gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as constipation in PD, then propagating to the brain stem and eventually triggering neurodegeneration and motor symptoms. Additionally, whether the microbiome changes in PD contribute to the primary pathogenesis or, alternatively, are consequential to either the disease process or medication is still unclear. In this review, we discuss the possible roles of αSyn and microbiome changes in the GI system in PD and consider if and how the changes interact and contribute to the disease process and symptoms. Chronic appendicitis-like lesions have been found in the appendix of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients.Truncated forms of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) in healthy and PD appendix suggest that proteolytic degradation of αSyn in appendix is a normal process that is somehow affected in the disease state, leading to aggregation.Native αSyn in the gut may function like a conventional chemokine and, consequently, play a role in innate immune response against pathogens.Derivatives of aminosterol conjugates have been effective against gastrointestinal (GI) tract-related nonmotor symptoms such as constipation in PD.Gut microbiota variation in PD patients could be linked to changes in diet, medication, and lifestyle.Helicobacter infections have been linked to inflammation in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, and to a significantly higher mortality rate in PD patients.Genetic susceptibility to PD and dysbiosis in the gut microbiome might be linked.