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Purpose
We present an up-to-date review of all published cases of sellar melanocytoma, a benign melanocytic neoplasm arising from melanocytes present in the leptomeninges surrounding the pituitary.
Methods
Both the Medline and Embase databases were searched for case reports or case series of patients with a sellar mass consisting of melanocytes.
Results
All 14 identified patients developed symptoms due to compression of the surrounding structures. Symptoms included pituitary dysfunction and visual impairment. All patients received a transsphenoidal resection as first-line treatment. The diagnosis is made on pathological examination but deciding whether a sellar melanocytic tumor is best classified as a melanocytoma or a melanoma is not straightforward.
Discussion
Genetic analyses can help differentiate between central nervous system origin and metastasis of a cutaneous melanoma with the presence of a
GNAQ
and
GNA11
mutations or a
BRAF
mutation, respectively. First choice treatment is complete resection, and in case of incomplete resection or recurrence additional radiotherapy is advised.