Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Kim, Boram
• Kanai, Makoto I
• Oh, Yangkyun
• Kyung, Minsoo
• Kim, Eun-Kyoung
• Jang, In-Hwan
• Lee, Ji-Hoon
• Kim, Sang-Gyu
• Suh, Greg S B
• Lee, Won-Jae

Titel

Response of the microbiome-gut-brain axis in Drosophila to amino acid deficit

Ist Teil von

• Nature (London), 2021-05, Vol.593 (7860), p.570-574

Ort / Verlag

England: Nature Publishing Group

Erscheinungsjahr

2021

Quelle

MEDLINE

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• A balanced intake of macronutrients-protein, carbohydrate and fat-is essential for the well-being of organisms. An adequate calorific intake but with insufficient protein consumption can lead to several ailments, including kwashiorkor . Taste receptors (T1R1-T1R3) can detect amino acids in the environment, and cellular sensors (Gcn2 and Tor) monitor the levels of amino acids in the cell. When deprived of dietary protein, animals select a food source that contains a greater proportion of protein or essential amino acids (EAAs) . This suggests that food selection is geared towards achieving the target amount of a particular macronutrient with assistance of the EAA-specific hunger-driven response, which is poorly understood. Here we show in Drosophila that a microbiome-gut-brain axis detects a deficit of EAAs and stimulates a compensatory appetite for EAAs. We found that the neuropeptide CNMamide (CNMa) was highly induced in enterocytes of the anterior midgut during protein deprivation. Silencing of the CNMa-CNMa receptor axis blocked the EAA-specific hunger-driven response in deprived flies. Furthermore, gnotobiotic flies bearing an EAA-producing symbiotic microbiome exhibited a reduced appetite for EAAs. By contrast, gnotobiotic flies with a mutant microbiome that did not produce leucine or other EAAs showed higher expression of CNMa and a greater compensatory appetite for EAAs. We propose that gut enterocytes sense the levels of diet- and microbiome-derived EAAs and communicate the EAA-deprived condition to the brain through CNMa.