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Anxiety, depression and marital satisfaction in women with hyperemesis gravidarum: A comparative cross‐sectional study in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Klang, Malaysia
Introduction
Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG) is a severe form of vomiting that occurs among pregnant mothers. Due to the nature of HG, pregnant mothers may feel fatigued and burdened by it and questions have been raised about the emergence of psychiatric illness during this period of vulnerability.
Methods
A comparative cross‐sectional study using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), M.I.N.I (MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview) and ENRICH‐ EMS (Evaluation and Nurturing Relationship Issues, Communication and Happiness – Marital Satisfaction Scale) were performed in a group of 112 pregnant women.
Results
There were no differences in the prevalence rate of any anxiety disorder among the patient with HG vs comparative group (9% vs 3%, P > 0.05) and depressive disorder in women with HG vs comparative group (16% vs 8%, P > 0.05) respectively. There were associations between HG and gravida, past history of miscarriage, and gestational diabetes (P < 0.05). After adjustment, only past history of gestational diabetes was associated with HG as a protective factor (AOR 0.034 95% CI 0.002–0.181; P = 0.0014). We found that women in the HG group tended to score statistically significantly higher than the comparison group for depressive symptoms in the HADS Depression subscale (P = 0.041).
Discussion
We found no convincing association between HG and anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, and marital satisfaction, but women with HG statistically significantly reported more depressive symptoms than women who were not diagnosed with HG. Psychiatric evaluation should be considered for women with HG.