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Background
Group A rotaviruses (RVs) are a major cause of severe gastroenteritis among infants and young children. In Japan, RV vaccines were introduced in 2011, leading to a reduction in severe gastroenteritis cases. Studies are required to assess the effectiveness of the vaccines and their effect on the prevalence of RV genotypes.
Methods
Fecal samples were collected from outpatients with RV gastroenteritis in a pediatric clinic in Sapporo, Japan, from 2010 to 2016. GPI genotypes were determined using reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. Clinical information and immunization records were obtained from outpatients after 2013. GPI genotypes and clinical features were compared between patients with and without a RV vaccine history.
Results
In total, 270 cases were genotyped. G1P[8]I1 (Wa‐like G1P[8]) strains were dominant from 2010 to 2012. G1P[8]I2 (DS‐1‐like G1P[8]) strains appeared in 2012 and dominated in 2013 to 2015. G2P[4]I2 and G9P[8]I1 strains increased every 3 years (G2P[4]I2: 2011 and 2014, G9P[8]I1: 2010, 2013 and 2016). After the 2013 season, 137 cases were collected, 24 of which were vaccinated. Cases requiring drip infusion were fewer in the vaccination group than in the non‐vaccination group (16.7% vs 52.2%). No patients required hospitalization in the vaccination group compared with 10.6% in the non‐vaccination group. A severe Vesikari score was less common in the vaccination group than in the non‐vaccination group (33.3% vs 78.8%). There was no significant difference in the GPI genotype distribution between the two groups.
Conclusion
Rotaviruses vaccine effectiveness, regardless of GPI genotype, was confirmed in terms of alleviation of disease severity.