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Recent structures of full-length ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter MsbA in different states indicate large conformational changes during the reaction cycle that involve transient dimerization of its nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). However, a detailed molecular understanding of the structural changes and associated kinetics of MsbA upon ATP binding and hydrolysis is still missing. Here, we employed time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering, initiated by stopped-flow mixing, to investigate the kinetics and accompanying structural changes of NBD dimerization (upon ATP binding) and subsequent dissociation (upon ATP hydrolysis) in the context of isolated NBDs as well as full-length MsbA in lipid nanodiscs. Our data allowed us to structurally characterize the major states involved in the process and determine time constants for NBD dimerization and dissociation. In the full-length protein, these structural transitions occur on much faster time scales, indicating close-proximity effects and structural coupling of the transmembrane domains with the NBDs.
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•Time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering initiated by stopped-flow mixing•Investigation of kinetics and structural changes of the membrane protein MsbA•Time constants for dimerization and dissociation could be determined•Differences between kinetics of isolated NBDs and the full-length protein
Josts et al. used time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering initiated by stopped-flow mixing (SF-TR-SAXS) to investigate kinetics and structural changes of the ATP-binding cassette transporter MsbA.