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Engineering synthetic scaffolds to repair and regenerate ruptured native tendon and ligament (T/L) tissues is a significant engineering challenge due to the need to satisfy both the unique biological and biomechanical properties of these tissues. Long‐term clinical outcomes of synthetic scaffolds relying solely on high uniaxial tensile strength are poor with high rates of implant rupture and synovitis. Ideal biomaterials for T/L repair and regeneration need to possess the appropriate biological and biomechanical properties necessary for the successful repair and regeneration of ruptured tendon and ligament tissues.
Engineering synthetic tendons and ligaments (T/L) capable of both supporting appropriate tissue growth and providing biomechanical support for physiological loading is a significant challenge. Recent developments in the understanding of both material and architectural parameters that influence the repair and regeneration of T/L and advances in fabrication techniques are reviewed.