Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• de la Torre, Adrián
• Navarro, Irene
• Sanz, Paloma
• de los Ángeles Martínez, María

Titel

Organophosphate compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and novel brominated flame retardants in European indoor house dust: Use, evidence for replacements and assessment of human exposure

Ist Teil von

• Journal of hazardous materials, 2020-01, Vol.382, p.121009-121009, Article 121009

Ort / Verlag

Netherlands: Elsevier B.V

Erscheinungsjahr

2020

Quelle

Alma/SFX Local Collection

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• [Display omitted] •OP levels in the house dust were two orders of magnitude higher than BFRs.•TCEP and TCIPP increased with the percentage of the floor covered by textiles.•EHDP presented higher levels in homes located in industrial neighborhoods.•Calculated EDI levels were below available RfD values for all analytes. 52 pollutants including organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers (OPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) were evaluated in household dust from Belgium, Italy and Spain. Pollutant pattern was dominated by ∑OPs (12.8 μg/g; median) followed in decreasing order by ∑PBDEs (229 ng/g), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE, 130 ng/g), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE, 1.35 ng/g), hexabromobenzene (HBB, 0.28 ng/g) and finally pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB, 0.03 ng/g). Country differences and substitution of regulated chemicals by unregulated ones were explored. Results clearly reflected a decrease in c-penta and c-octaBDE commercial mixtures, which are mainly substituted by OPs, BTBPE and PBEB. On the other hand, c-decaBDE concentrations increased in Spanish case. However, positive correlations with its proposed substitute (DBDPE) and recent restricted policies make it possible to assume that this trend will change in the coming years. On the basis of the relationship between pollutants, house characteristics and inhabitant habits, potential sources were studied. Finally, data obtained were used to determine estimated daily intakes (EDI) via house dust ingestion and dermal absorption for toddlers and adults at central and upper percentiles. Calculated EDI levels even at worst case scenario were below available reference dose (RfD) values in all cases.