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Interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-22 are key components of cytokine networks that play a decisive role in (pathological) inflammation, host defense, and tissue regeneration. Tight regulation of cytokine-driven signaling, inflammation, and immunoactivation is supposed to enable nullification of a given deleterious trigger without mediating overwhelming collateral tissue damage or even activating a cancerous face of regeneration. In fact, feedback regulation by specific cytokine opponents is regarded as a major means by which the immune system is kept in balance. Herein, we shine a light on the interplay between IL-18 and IL-22 and their opponents IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) and IL-22BP in order to provide integrated information on their biology, pathophysiological significance, and prospect as targets and/or instruments of therapeutic intervention.
•IL-18 and IL-22 are pivotal components of inflammatory cytokine networks.•Are tightly controlled by their decoy receptors, IL-18BP and IL-22BP•IL-18BP/IL-22BP are key to a coordinated inflammatory response and its resolution.•IL-18/IL-18BP and IL-22/IL-22BP are promising candidate targets/tools for therapy.