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Techno-economic estimation of electroplating wastewater treatment using zero-valent iron nanoparticles: batch optimization, continuous feed, and scaling up studies
Ist Teil von
Environmental science and pollution research international, 2019-08, Vol.26 (24), p.25372-25385
Ort / Verlag
Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erscheinungsjahr
2019
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
SpringerLink
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Electroplating manufacturing processes release industrial effluents that comprise severe levels of heavy metals into the environment. This study investigated the utilization of nanoparticles of zero-valent iron (nZVI) for the treatment of electroplating wastewater industry containing multiple heavy metal ions. In batch experiments using Cu
2+
as a single solute, the optimum operating condition was pH 7.3, nZVI dosage 1.6 g/L, time 36 min, temperature 30 °C, and agitation speed 180 rpm, achieving almost 100% Cu
2+
removal efficiency. The adsorption mechanisms were illustrated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Moreover, continuous-feed experiments were performed to treat real electroplating wastewater industry via adsorption and sedimentation processes. The system attained removal efficiencies of 91.3% total suspended solids (TSS), 68.3% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 94.2% nitrogen (N), 98.5% phosphorus (P), 66.7% Cr
6+
, 91.5% Pb
2+
, 83.3% Ag
+
, 80.8% Cu
2+
, 17.4% Ni
2+
, 47.1% Mn
2+
, 54.6% Zn
2+
, 94.7% Fe
3+
, 100.0% Al
3+
, and 42.1% Co
2+
. The removal mechanisms included reduction of Me
n
+
to Me
(
n
-
x
)+
/Me
0
by the Fe
0
core, adsorption to the oxide shell as Me(OH)
x
and Me-Fe-OOH, oxidation of Me
n
+
to Me
(
n
+
z
)+
, specific surface bonding, and sequential steps of electron transfer and precipitation. The total cost, including amortized and operating expenses for scaling up the adsorption system, was 4.45$ per m
3
of electroplating wastewater.
Graphical abstract