Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Sheu, J.C.
• Tran, J.
• Rady, P.L.
• Dao, H.
• Tyring, S.K.
• Nguyen, H.P.

Titel

Polyomaviruses of the skin: integrating molecular and clinical advances in an emerging class of viruses

Ist Teil von

• British journal of dermatology (1951), 2019-06, Vol.180 (6), p.1302-1311

Ort / Verlag

England: Oxford University Press

Erscheinungsjahr

2019

Quelle

Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Summary Background Human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) are small, nonenveloped, double‐stranded DNA viruses that express tumour antigen proteins. Fourteen species of polyomaviruses have been discovered in humans, and since the 2008 discovery of the first cutaneous polyomavirus – Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) – six more species have been detected in the skin: trichodysplasia spinulosa‐associated polyomavirus (TSPyV), HPyV6, HPyV7, HPyV9, HPyV10 and HPyV13. Of these cutaneous species, only MCPyV, TSPyV, HPyV6 and HPyV7 have been definitively associated with diseases of the skin, most commonly in immunocompromised individuals. MCPyV is a predominant aetiology in Merkel cell carcinomas. TSPyV is one of the aetiological factors of trichodysplasia spinulosa. HPyV6 and HPyV7 have been recently linked to pruritic skin eruptions. The roles of HPyV9, HPyV10 and HPyV13 in pathogenesis, if any, are still unknown, but their molecular features have provided some insight into their functional biology. Results In this review, we summarize the known molecular mechanisms, clinical presentation and targeted therapies of each of the eight cutaneous HPyVs. Conclusions We hope that heightened awareness and clinical recognition of HPyVs will lead to increased reports of HPyV‐associated diseases and, consequently, a more robust understanding of how to diagnose and treat these conditions. What's already known about this topic? Seven human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) have been identified in the skin, all of which were discovered within the past 10 years. Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), HPyV6, HPyV7 and trichodysplasia spinulosa‐associated polyomavirus (TSPyV) have been definitively associated with skin disorders, while no clear pathogenic role in skin disease has been established for HPyV9, HPyV10 and HPyV13. What does this study add? This review summarizes the known viral biology, pathogenic mechanisms, clinical presentations and viral therapies of the following HPyVs: MCPyV, TSPyV, HPyV6, HPyV7, HPyV9, HPyV10 and HPyV13. This review also highlights potential areas of investigation that could expand our current knowledge of the role of HPyVs in dermatoses. Linked Comment: Haque Hussain and Sterling. Br J Dermatol 2019; 180:1284. Plain language summary available online