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Effects of biological clogging on 1,1,1-TCA and its intermediates distribution and fate in heterogeneous saturated bio-augmented permeable reactive barriers
Ist Teil von
Environmental science and pollution research international, 2018-10, Vol.25 (28), p.28628-28641
Ort / Verlag
Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erscheinungsjahr
2018
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
SpringerLink
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Biological clogging in porous media was an important concern in the design of bio-augmented permeable reactive barriers (
Bio
-
PRBs
) that were used to remediate groundwater with dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). Here, we used laboratory sandbox experiments to develop and calibrate reactive transport models (C1 and C2) simulating 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA) change in heterogeneous saturated porous media. The routine (1,1,1-TCA chain kinetic reactions) and subroutine (the relationship between hydraulic conductivity (
K
) and time (
t
)) were included in the model computer code. The simulation results suggested that the model C1 had the applicability for simulating contaminant transport and fate in bio-augmented flow field. By using the model C1 which was suitable for constant
K
condition, the performance of different types of
Bio
-
PRBs
was evaluated, and the regularity of contaminants chain kinetic reactions in different heterogeneous saturated porous media was obtained. The results demonstrated that
Bio
-
PRBs
in immobilized microorganism (
IM
) protocol were more superior to
Bio
-
PRBs
in free microorganism (
FM
) protocol. In addition, by using the model C2 (updated model C1) which was suitable for decreasing
K
condition, the different and optimized regularity of contaminants transport and transformation was obtained. The results showed that microbial growth which further decreased
K
was beneficial to preventing the transport of contaminants and accelerating the transformation of contaminants. However, the negative effects of biological clogging on hydraulic conductivity and relative hydraulic conductivity ratio in
FM Bio
-
PRBs
were significantly stronger than that in
IM Bio
-
PRBs
. Deploying
IM Bio
-
PRBs
for groundwater remediation would be much more efficient and meet the design criteria. The research work had guiding significance to engineering and provided consultation for designing and optimizing
Bio
-
PRBs
system. To make the design and optimization of
Bio
-
PRBs
system convenient, it was very essential to choose the suitable mathematical model (C1 or C2).