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•Granular biomass was obtained in a system composed by two CSRTs in series.•This configuration could be easily implemented in current activated sludge systems.•The tank 1/tank 2 vol ratio is determined by the feast/famine length ratio required.•Equivalent cycle time is controlled by the biomass recirculation rate.
A novel continuous flow system with “flat geometry” composed by two completely mixed aerobic tanks in series and a settler was used to promote the formation of aerobic granular sludge. Making similarities of this system with a typical sequencing batch reactor (SBR), for aerobic granules cultivation, the value of the tank 1/tank 2 vol ratio and the biomass recirculation rate would correspond with the feast/famine length ratio and the length of the operational cycle, respectively, while the settler upflow liquid velocity imposed would be related to the settling time. From the three experiments performed the best results were obtained when the tank 1/tank 2 vol ratio was of 0.28, the sludge recycling ratio of 0.25 and the settler upflow velocity of 2.5 m/h. At these conditions the aggregates had settling velocities between 29 and 113 m/h, sludge volume index at 10 min (SVI10) of 70 mL/g TSS and diameters between 1.0 and 5.0 mm.