Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Kubistin, D
• Harder, H
• Martinez, M
• Rudolf, M
• Sander, R
• Bozem, H
• Eerdekens, G
• Fischer, H
• Gurk, C
• Kluepfel, T
• Koenigstedt, R
• Parchatka, U
• Schiller, CL
• Stickler, A
• Taraborrelli, D
• Williams, J
• Lelieveld, J

Titel

Hydroxyl radicals in the tropical troposphere over the Suriname rainforest: comparison of measurements with the box model MECCA

Ist Teil von

• Atmospheric chemistry and physics discussions, 2008-08, Vol.8 (4), p.15239-15289

Erscheinungsjahr

2008

Quelle

Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• As a major source region of the hydroxyl radical OH, the Tropics largely control the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere on a global scale. However, emissions of hydrocarbons from the tropical rainforest that react rapidly with OH can potentially deplete the amount of OH and thereby reduce the oxidation capacity. The airborne GABRIEL field campaign in equatorial South America (Suriname) in October 2005 investigated the influence of the tropical rainforest on the HO sub(x) budget (HO sub(x)=OH+HO sub(2)). The first observations of OH and HO sub(2) over a tropical rainforest are compared to steady state concentrations calculated with the atmospheric chemistry box model MECCA. The important precursors and sinks for HO sub(x) chemistry, measured during the campaign, are used as constraining parameters for the simulation of OH and HO sub(2). Significant underestimations of HO sub(x) are found by the model over land during the afternoon, with mean ratios of observation to model of 12.2 plus or minus 3.5 and 4.1 plus or minus 1.4 for OH and HO sub(2), respectively. The discrepancy between measurements and simulation results is correlated to the abundance of isoprene. While for low isoprene mixing ratios (above ocean or at altitudes >3 km), observation and simulation agree fairly well, for mixing ratios >200 pptV (<3 km over the rainforest) the model tends to underestimate the HO sub(x) observations as a function of isoprene. Box model simulations have been performed with the condensed chemical mechanism of MECCA and with the detailed isoprene reaction scheme of MCM, resulting in similar results for HO sub(x) concentrations. Simulations with constrained HO sub(2) concentrations show that the conversion from HO sub(2) to OH in the model is too low. However, by neglecting the isoprene chemistry in the model, observations and simulations agree much better. An OH source similar to the strength of the OH sink via isoprene chemistry is needed in the model to resolve the discrepancy. A possible explanation is that the oxidation of isoprene by OH not only dominates the removal of OH but also produces it in a similar amount. Several additional reactions which directly produce OH have been implemented into the box model, suggesting that upper limits in producing OH are still not able to reproduce the observations (improvement by factors of ≈ 2.4 and ≈ 2 for OH and HO sub(2), respectively). We determine that OH has to be recycled to 94% instead of the simulated 38% to match the observations, which is most likely to happen in the isoprene degradation process, otherwise additional sources are required.