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Cytosolic N-Glycans: Triggers for Ubiquitination Directing Proteasomal and Autophagic Degradation: Molecular Systems for Monitoring Cytosolic N-Glycans as Signals for Unwanted Proteins and Organelles
Ist Teil von
BioEssays, 2018-03, Vol.40 (3)
Ort / Verlag
United States
Erscheinungsjahr
2018
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
Wiley-Blackwell Journals
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Proteins on the cell surface and secreted proteins are modified with sugar chains that generate and modulate biological complexity and diversity. Sugar chains not only contribute physically to the conformation and solubility of proteins, but also exert various functions via sugar-binding proteins (lectins) that reside on the cell surface or in organelles of the secretory pathway. However, some glycosidases and lectins are found in the cytosol or nucleus. Recent studies of cytosolic sugar-related molecules have revealed that sugar chains on proteins in the cytosol act as signals of adverse cellular conditions. In this review, we summarize recent reports that cytosolic sugar chains can trigger ubiquitination, followed by proteasomal and autophagic degradation to maintain cellular homeostasis. In addition, we discuss the functions of sugar-binding proteins revealed to date, along with possibilities not yet explored.