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As a kind of biologically important reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypochlorite (ClO
) plays a crucial role in many physiological processes. As such, endogenous ClO
is a powerful antibacterial agent during pathogen invasion. Nonetheless, excessive endogenous ClO
could pose a health threat to mammalian animals including humans. However, the detection of endogenous ClO
by bioluminescence probes in vivo remains a considerable challenge. Herein, based on a caged strategy, we developed a turn-on bioluminescent probe 1 for the highly selective detection of ClO
in vitro and imaging endogenous ClO
in a mouse inflammation model. We anticipate that such a probe could help us understand the role of endogenous ClO
in a variety of physiological and pathological processes.