Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Conceição, Vasco A
• Dias, Ângelo
• Farinha, Ana C
• Maia, Tiago V

Titel

Premonitory urges and tics in Tourette syndrome: computational mechanisms and neural correlates

Ist Teil von

• Current opinion in neurobiology, 2017-10, Vol.46, p.187-199

Ort / Verlag

England: Elsevier Ltd

Erscheinungsjahr

2017

Quelle

Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier)

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• •The somatosensory cortices and the insula are implicated in premonitory urges.•The insula may serve as a gateway between premonitory urges and tics.•Computationally, premonitory-urge termination elicits positive prediction errors.•The insula, basal ganglia, and dopamine neurons interact to calculate those errors.•Those prediction errors reinforce tics in the motor cortico-basal ganglia loop. Tourette syndrome is characterized by open motor behaviors — tics — but another crucial aspect of the disorder is the presence of premonitory urges: uncomfortable sensations that typically precede tics and are temporarily alleviated by tics. We review the evidence implicating the somatosensory cortices and the insula in premonitory urges and the motor cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop in tics. We consider how these regions interact during tic execution, suggesting that the insula plays an important role as a nexus linking the sensory and emotional character of premonitory urges with their translation into tics. We also consider how these regions interact during tic learning, integrating the neural evidence with a computational perspective on how premonitory-urge alleviation reinforces tics.