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Influence of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and pH on copper toxicity to barley ( Hordeum vulgare)
Ist Teil von
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2007-10, Vol.68 (2), p.299-304
Ort / Verlag
San Diego, CA: Elsevier Inc
Erscheinungsjahr
2007
Quelle
MEDLINE
Beschreibungen/Notizen
The extent to which Ca
2+, Mg
2+, Na
+, K
+ ions and pH independently influence copper toxicity to barley (
Hordeum vulgare) was assessed by measuring root growth in nutrient solutions. Increased Ca
2+ activity resulted in a sixfold decrease in
EC
5
0
Cu
2
+
values, while a positive relationship between the cation activity and the EC50 was expected. Increased Mg
2+ activity resulted in a twofold increase in
EC
5
0
Cu
2
+
values. Na
+, K
+ and H
+ activities did not significantly affect Cu
2+ toxicity. The obtained results indicated that competition for binding sites between Cu
2+ and cations such as Ca
2+, Mg
2+, Na
+, K
+ and H
+ is not an important factor in determining Cu
2+ toxicity to
H. vulgare. However, the EC50s could, with one exception, be predicted within a factor three based on the free Cu
2+ activity, indicating that the free Cu
2+ activity cannot only be used to predict metal toxicity to aquatic, but also to terrestrial organisms.