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Antibiotics need more variety. Most current compounds are mere analogs of earlier antibiotic classes, targeting a paltry number of bacterial targets. Several genome sequences of pathogenic bacteria and their noninfectious counterparts are now available, the latest of which have been published in Science (Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua), and Nature (the multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi CT18 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LTZ; ). Whole-genome homology searches of these (and other) sequences, are helping to identify pathogen-specific determinants and extending the range of targets beyond those of existing agents, offering the promise of a new generation of antimicrobials.