Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Olsen, Cody S
• Thomas, Andrea M
• Singleton, Michael
• Gaichas, Anna M
• Smith, Tracy J
• Smith, Gary A
• Peng, Justin
• Bauer, Michael J
• Qu, Ming
• Yeager, Denise
• Kerns, Timothy
• Burch, Cynthia
• Cook, Lawrence J

Titel

Motorcycle helmet effectiveness in reducing head, face and brain injuries by state and helmet law

Ist Teil von

• Injury epidemiology, 2016-12, Vol.3 (1), p.8-8

Ort / Verlag

Germany

Erscheinungsjahr

2016

Quelle

Free E-Journal (出版社公開部分のみ）

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Despite evidence that motorcycle helmets reduce morbidity and mortality, helmet laws and rates of helmet use vary by state in the U.S. We pooled data from eleven states: five with universal laws requiring all motorcyclists to wear a helmet, and six with partial laws requiring only a subset of motorcyclists to wear a helmet. Data were combined in the Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System's General Use Model and included motorcycle crash records probabilistically linked to emergency department and inpatient discharges for years 2005-2008. Medical outcomes were compared between partial and universal helmet law settings. We estimated adjusted relative risks (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for head, facial, traumatic brain, and moderate to severe head/facial injuries associated with helmet use within each helmet law setting using generalized log-binomial regression. Reported helmet use was higher in universal law states (88 % vs. 42 %). Median charges, adjusted for inflation and differences in state-incomes, were higher in partial law states (emergency department $1987 vs. $1443; inpatient $31,506 vs. $25,949). Injuries to the head and face, including traumatic brain injuries, were more common in partial law states. Effectiveness estimates of helmet use were higher in partial law states (adjusted-RR (CI) of head injury: 2.1 (1.9-2.2) partial law single vehicle; 1.4 (1.2, 1.6) universal law single vehicle; 1.8 (1.6-2.0) partial law multi-vehicle; 1.2 (1.1-1.4) universal law multi-vehicle). Medical charges and rates of head, facial, and brain injuries among motorcyclists were lower in universal law states. Helmets were effective in reducing injury in both helmet law settings; lower effectiveness estimates were observed in universal law states.