Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Milutinović, Barbara
• Peuß, Robert
• Ferro, Kevin
• Kurtz, Joachim

Titel

Immune priming in arthropods: an update focusing on the red flour beetle

Ist Teil von

• Zoology (Jena), 2016-08, Vol.119 (4), p.254-261

Ort / Verlag

Germany: Elsevier GmbH

Erscheinungsjahr

2016

Quelle

MEDLINE

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• •We provide an up-to-date review of immune priming in arthropods, with a focus on the red flour beetle.•Priming comes in many flavours, within and across generations, septic and oral, with or without specificity.•Priming is based on a multitude of mechanisms, which we are beginning to understand in a few systems. Immune priming has now been demonstrated in a wide range of invertebrate species. Studies testing this phenomenon largely differ in terms of experimental design, host–parasite combinations, agents used for priming, and in particular the degree of demonstrated specificity of the primed response. This review provides an overview of known and putative mechanisms underlying broad-spectrum and specific immune priming in arthropods. We focus on insects and particularly the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, where priming has been demonstrated within and across generations. We will also draw attention to the relevance of routes of priming and infection, which can occur septically and orally, with largely differing physiology. For oral priming, an involvement of gut microbiota was demonstrated in mosquitoes and flour beetles. Generally, a primed state could result from long-lasting immune activation or a form of memory that does not entail lingering immune components. Moreover, the primed state could also be of a qualitatively different kind than the challenge response. Finally, we will consider that there should be natural variation in priming capability, and therefore a possibility to study this trait with experimental evolution approaches.