Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Frasier, Ileana
• Quiroga, Alberto
• Noellemeyer, Elke

Titel

Effect of different cover crops on C and N cycling in sorghum NT systems

Ist Teil von

• The Science of the total environment, 2016-08, Vol.562, p.628-639

Ort / Verlag

Netherlands: Elsevier B.V

Erscheinungsjahr

2016

Link zum Volltext

Quelle

Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• In many no-till (NT) systems, residue input is low and fallow periods excessive, for which reasons soil degradation occurs. Cover crops could improve organic matter, biological activity, and soil structure. In order to study changes in soil carbon, nitrogen and microbial biomass a field experiment (2010−2012) was set up with sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench.) monoculture and with cover crops. Treatments were control (NT with bare fallow), rye (Secale cereale L.) (R), rye with nitrogen fertilization (R+N), vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) (V), and rye-vetch mixture (VR) cover crops. A completely randomized block design with 4 replicates was used. Soil was sampled once a year at 0.06 and 0.12m depth for total C, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and-nitrogen (MBN) determinations. Shoot and root biomass of sorghum and cover crops, litter biomass, and their respective carbon and nitrogen contents were determined. Soil temperatures at 0.06 and 0.12m depth, volumetric water contents and nitrate concentrations were determined at sowing, and harvest of each crop, and during sorghum's vegetative phase. NT led to a small increase in MBC and MBN, despite low litter and root biomass residue. Cover crops increased litter, root biomass, total C, MBC, and MBN. Relationships between MBC, MBN, and root-C and –N adjusted to logistic models (R2=0.61 and 0.43 for C and N respectively). Litter cover improved soil moisture to 45–50% water filled pore space and soil temperatures not exceeding 25°C during the warmest month. Microbial biomass stabilized at 20.1gCm−2 and 1.9gNm−2 in the upper 0.06m. Soil litter disappearance was a good indicator of mineral N availability. These findings support the view that cover crops, specifically legumes in NT systems can increase soil ecosystem services related to water and carbon storage, habitat for biodiversity, and nutrient availability. [Display omitted] •Cover crops increased root biomass, total carbon, microbial biomass, and nitrogen.•Cover crops improved soil moisture and soil temperatures.•Soil litter disappearance was a good indicator of mineral N availability.•Microbial biomass reached carrying capacity of 20.1 g C m-2 and 1.9 g N m-2.