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Severe sepsis, defined as sepsis associated with acute organ dysfunction, results from a generalized inflammatory and procoagulant response to an infection.
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The rate of death from severe sepsis ranges from 30 to 50 percent despite advances in critical care.
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In the United States, approximately 750,000 cases of sepsis occur each year, at least 225,000 of which are fatal.
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The inflammatory and procoagulant host responses to infection are closely related.
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Inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6, are capable of activating coagulation and inhibiting fibrinolysis, whereas the procoagulant thrombin is capable of stimulating multiple inflammatory pathways.
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