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•Denitrifying-anammox sludge was shown to be a promising alternative for the inoculum.•The anammox reactor was successfully started up within 40days.•Evolution of the bacterial community was monitored.•Conductivity was used as an indicator to track the start-up process.
Successful start-up of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process in up-flow sludge blanket reactor was achieved by seeding denitrifying (R0) or mixed denitrifying-anammox granular sludge at a 3:1 volume ratio (R1). The results demonstrated that R1 was successfully started-up on day 40 and had a nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 0.55kgNm−3d−1. By contrast, it took 98days to start up R0 (0.54kgNm−3d−1). R0 and R1 achieved maximum NRRs of 5.70 and 12.02kgNm−3d−1, respectively. The biogranules from R1 generally possessed greater specific anammox activity (SAA), higher extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and heme c content, larger granules and greater settling velocity. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and high-throughput sequencing techniques were used to monitor the evolution of the bacterial community. These results demonstrated the feasibility of seeding mixed denitrifying-anammox granular sludge to start-up an anammox reactor.