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The roles of lysine at position 161 and asparagine at position 167 in IMP-1 metallo β-lactamase were studied by site-directed mutagenesis. These residues are highly conserved in metallo β-lactamases and are thought to be present in the active-site cavity. Mutant enzymes with alanine or aspartic acid at position 167 showed almost the same properties as the wild-type enzyme. Kinetic parameters for the mutant enzymes differing at position 161 indicated that the positive charge of lysine 161 is required for electrostatic interaction with the carboxyl moiety of the substrate, i.e. C-3 of penicillins or C-4 of cephalosporins.