Environmental science and pollution research international, 2015-12, Vol.22 (23), p.19203-19212
2015
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- Autor(en) / Beteiligte
- Titel
- Effects of long-term irrigation with untreated municipal wastewater on soil properties and crop quality
- Ist Teil von
- Environmental science and pollution research international, 2015-12, Vol.22 (23), p.19203-19212
- Ort / Verlag
- Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
- Erscheinungsjahr
- 2015
- Quelle
- SpringerLink
- Beschreibungen/Notizen
- Irrigating crops with untreated wastewater leads to elevated concentrations of heavy metals both in soil and cultivated crops. The current study was designed to determine heavy metal (i.e., Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Hg) accumulation in Konya soils in selected nine sites irrigated with wastewater for over 40 years. Non-irrigated soil samples and soil samples irrigated with well water were taken as control samples. Transport of these pollutants to the wheat samples cultivated in the investigated site was also examined. The obtained results reveal that high alkaline properties and clay structure of Konya soil reduce the mobility of contaminants and cause accumulation in the top layer of soil. Intense effect of wastewater irrigation on soil EC was determined. The highest concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni, and Hg in wastewater irrigated soil were 5.32, 37.1, 31.5, 11.4, 91.5, 134, and 0.34 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. Wastewater irrigated soils were strongly polluted by means of Cd (8.23–11.6 mg kg⁻¹) and moderately to strongly polluted by means of Ni (47.7–134 mg kg⁻¹), exceeding Maximum Admissible Concentrations for Trace Elements in Agricultural Soils and Sewage Sludge Regulation limit values of Turkey. Maximum concentrations found for Pb, Cr, Cu, Cd, Zn, and Ni in wastewater irrigated wheat grain were 8.44, 1.30, 9.10, n.d, 29.31, and 0.94 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. Besides, Hg was not detected in any samples of wheat grain. Based on the regulation of Turkish Food Codex, Pb contamination in wheat samples grown in the sampling site was evidenced.
- Sprache
- Englisch
- Identifikatoren
- ISSN: 0944-1344eISSN: 1614-7499DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5123-1Titel-ID: cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1744664699
- Format
- –
- Schlagworte
- Agricultural land, Agricultural production, agricultural soils, Agriculture, Agriculture - methods, Aquatic Pollution, Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution, Bioaccumulation, Cadmium, chromium, clay, Contaminants, Copper, crop quality, Crops, Crops, Agricultural - metabolism, Cultivation, Drainage, Earth and Environmental Science, Ecotoxicology, Edible Grain - chemistry, Environment, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Health, Grain, Grain cultivation, Heavy metal content, Heavy metals, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, irrigated conditions, irrigated soils, Irrigation, Irrigation water, Lead, long term effects, Mercury, Metal concentrations, Metals, Metals, Heavy - analysis, Metals, Heavy - chemistry, Metals, Heavy - metabolism, Municipal wastewater, nickel, Pollutants, Pollution dispersion, Regulation, Research Article, Salinity, Sewage - analysis, Sewage irrigation, Sewage sludge, Soil - chemistry, Soil Pollutants - analysis, Soil Pollutants - chemistry, Soil Pollutants - metabolism, Soil properties, soil sampling, Studies, Trace elements, Triticum - metabolism, Turkey, Waste Water - analysis, Waste Water - chemistry, Waste Water Technology, Wastewater irrigation, Water Management, Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism, Water Pollution Control, Well water, Wheat, Zinc