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A key requirement for spintronics is that the spin degree of freedom relaxes slowly enough for the spin to be manipulated and read out. Spin lifetimes are nevertheless typically fairly short in diusive materials owing to spinorbit and spin-flip scattering processes which lead to spin randomization. Another major hurdle relates to the fact that, because electrons carry spin and charge, they are susceptible to processes which cause dissipation and decoherence due to the charge degree of freedom