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The winter phytoplankton populations in the principal arm of the Danube river at God, Hungary, and in 2 side-arms (Soroksari-Duna and Rackeve), upstream and downstream of Budapest, respectively, were studied. In the principal river 3 periods of high cell density were registered: February, May and August-September. Centric diatoms were invariably dominant in spring and early summer. Winter phytoplankton blooms were observed on several occasions and were dominated by Centrales. Plankton compositions of the side-arms were similar to those of the principal river during medium to high flows. Centric diatom blooms, dominated by Stephanodiscus hantzchii f. tenuis and Stephanodiscus minutulus, occurred in winter in low flow conditions. The important factors in the formation of winter blooms were a rich nutrient supply, slow current speed and high transparency.