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The purpose of this paper is to discover the latent causal chain of industrial water pollution in China and find ways to cure the wanton discharge of toxic waste from industries. It draws evidences from the past pollution incidents in China. Through further digging the back interests and relations by analyzing representative cases, extended theory about loophole derivations and causal chain effect is drawn. This theoretical breakthrough reflects deeper causality. Institutional defect instead of human error is confirmed as the deeper reason of frequent outbreaks of water pollution incidents in China. Ways for collaborative environmental governance are proposed. This paper contributes to a better understanding about the deep inducements of industrial water pollution in China, and, is meaningful for ensuring future prevention and mitigation of environmental pollution. It illuminates multiple dimensions for collaborative environmental governance to cure the stubborn problem.
•Discovered the latent causal chain of industrial water pollution in China.•Identified generality and deep relationship of interest from representative cases.•Extended accident causal chain model and Swiss cheese model.•Institutional defect instead of human error is the deeper reason of the incidents.•Proposed multi-dimension suggestions for collaborative environmental governance.
This paper challenges and extends the works of Wu et al. (2009) and Tang et al. (2013) via analyzing new evidence, and discovers the latent causal chain and puts forward the model.