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See PDF.] Preoperative neuroimaging finding and intraoperative histological examination of spinal lesion. a Preoperative sagittal T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed a subdural lesion localized in C3–C6 level of spine with homogeneous enhancement after Gd-DTPA administration. b Intraoperative histological examination showed the lesion was adherent to the dura and numerous infiltrating inflammatory cells was found in the lesion, but there was no distinctive large polygonal histiocytes and emperipolesis found. c The extensive fibrosclerosis areas accompanied by inflammatory infiltrating could be observed in the lesion. d There were non-calcified psammoma bodies and scattered whorls found at the edge of the lesion (b, c HE staining with original magnification ×200; d HE staining with original magnification ×400) A piece of lesion tissue was resected from the surface for intraoperative histological examination. See PDF.] Postoperative micrographs of lesion. a Postoperative histological examination of lesion exhibited vague nodules separated by densely collagen. b High magnification view showed sheets of pale-staining histiocytes with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, nuclear pleomorphism, and prominent nucleoli. c Emperipolesis is seen in some histiocytes. d Immunohistochemical staining showed the large histiocytes were diffusely positive to S-100 protein (a HE staining with original magnification ×200; b, c HE staining with original magnification ×400; d immunohistochemical staining with original magnification ×400) Immunohistochemical analyses were performed using the ChemMate Envision/HRP Kit and antibodies were obtained from Dako Cytomation (Carpinteria, CA, USA). [...]there are no specific landmarks in the radiologic examinations for RDD. [...]in routine histological examination, correct diagnosis was gained by thorough inspection. [...]surgeons should be responsible for removing sufficient tumor tissue from different portions of the tumor even if the first specimen supports the radiologic diagnosis.