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In a recent book, the philosopher Bruno Karsenti offers a reinterpretation of the study that Sigmund Freud, at the end of his life, has devoted to the figure of Moses and to the question of the origins of monotheism. This rereading leads him to outline, about a basic idea of modern politics, i.e. the people, a genealogy alternative to those that focus on the Greek notion of demos. It also leads him to discuss the theory that Freud develops on the psychosocial mechanisms (repetition and refoulement in particular) ensuring the transmission of traditions. From these analyzes, we propose a sociologically oriented and therefore deliberately offset reading. One wonders what consequences for the investigative work of the sociologist may have three central insights offered by the book: the first one concerns the role of transcendence in the organization of political relationships within modern societies; the second one is about the function of the legal codification in the processes of legitimization in force in the same societies; the last one is on the limits of the psychoanalytic approach regarding to explain the genesis of religious ideas. Adapted from the source document.