Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• ZINTH, Veronika
• VON LÜDERS, Christian
• HOFMANN, Michael
• HATTENDORFF, Johannes
• BUCHBERGER, Irmgard
• ERHARD, Simon
• REBELO-KORNMEIER, Joana
• JOSSEN, Andreas
• GILLES, Ralph

Titel

Lithium plating in lithium-ion batteries at sub-ambient temperatures investigated by in situ neutron diffraction

Ist Teil von

• Journal of power sources, 2014-12, Vol.271, p.152-159

Ort / Verlag

Amsterdam: Elsevier

Erscheinungsjahr

2014

Quelle

Alma/SFX Local Collection

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Lithium plating in commercial LiNi sub(1/3)Mn sub(1/3)Co sub(1/3)O sub(2)/graphite cells at sub-ambient temperatures is studied by neutron diffraction at Stress-Spec, MLZ. Li plating uses part of the active lithium in the cell and competes with the intercalation of lithium into graphite. As a result, the degree of graphite lithiation during and after charge is lower. Comparison of graphite lithiation after a C/5 charging cycle fast enough to expect a considerable amount of Li plating with a much slower C/30 reference cycle reveals a lower degree of graphite lithiation in the first case; neutron diffraction shows less LiC sub(6) and more LiC sub(12) is present. If the cell is subjected to a 20 h rest period after charge, a gradual transformation of remaining LiC sub(12) to LiC sub(6) can be observed, indicating Li diffusion into the graphite. During the rest period after the C/5 charging cycle, the degree of graphite lithiation can be estimated to increase by 17%, indicating at least 17% of the active lithium is plated. Data collected during discharge immediately after C/5 charging give further evidence of the presence and amount of metallic lithium: in this case 19% of discharge capacity originates from the oxidation of metallic lithium. Also, lithium oxidation can be directly related to the high voltage plateau observed during discharge in case of lithium plating.