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Two earthworm species, Lumbricus rubellus and Eisenia andrei, were exposed to cesium-137-contaminated soil solutions, and the effect of temperature on radionuclide uptake was studied. Results indicated that internal super(137)Cs concentrations rose with temperature in both species, which suggested that the enhancement was mainly the result of worm-related factors. The super(137)Cs concentration factors were calculated at 0.23 0.34 and 0.31 0.42 for E. andrei and L. rubellus, respectively. For soil solution, concentrations factors of 8.3 and 14.2 were found for E. andrei and L. rubellus, respectively. The overall data suggested that, for L. rubellus, super(137)Cs was not only absorbed directly from the surrounding environment, but uptake through food contributed to total uptake.