Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Chericoni, S.
• Stefanelli, F.
• Iannella, V.
• Giusiani, M.

Titel

Simultaneous determination of morphine, codeine and 6-acetyl morphine in human urine and blood samples using direct aqueous derivatisation: Validation and application to real cases

Ist Teil von

• Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 2014-02, Vol.949-950, p.127-132

Ort / Verlag

Netherlands: Elsevier B.V

Erscheinungsjahr

2014

Quelle

ScienceDirect

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• •We developed new methods for aqueous derivatisation of morphine, codeine and 6-MAM.•The methods can be applied to human urine and blood samples.•The procedures are easy to perform in laboratories with limited resources.•They can be used in daily laboratory activity. Opiates play a relevant role in forensic toxicology and their assay in urine or blood is usually performed for example in workplace drug-testing or toxicological investigation of drug impaired driving. The present work describes two new methods for detecting morphine, codeine and 6-monoacethyl morphine in human urine or blood using a single step derivatisation in aqueous phase. Propyl chloroformate is used as the dramatizing agent followed by liquid–liquid extraction and gas-chromatography–mass spectroscopy to detect the derivatives. The methods have been validated both for hydrolysed and unhydrolysed urine. For hydrolysed urine, the LOD and LOQ were 2.5ng/ml and 8.5ng/ml for codeine, and 5.2ng/ml and 15.1ng/ml for morphine, respectively. For unhydrolysed urine, the LOD and LOQ were 3.0ng/ml and 10.1ng/ml for codeine, 2.7ng/ml and 8.1ng/ml for morphine, 0.8ng/ml and 1.5ng/ml for 6-monoacetyl morphine, respectively. In blood, the LOD and LOQ were 0.44ng/ml and 1.46ng/ml for codeine, 0.29ng/ml and 0.98ng/ml for morphine, 0.15ng/ml and 0.51ng/ml for 6-monoacetyl morphine, respectively. The validated methods have been applied to 50 urine samples and 40 blood samples (both positive and negative) and they can be used in routine analyses.