Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Sahu, Roshan Kumar
• Singh, Bhupendra
• Saraf, Shubhini A.
• Kaithwas, Gaurav
• Kishor, Kamal

Titel

Photochemical toxicity of drugs intended for ocular use

Ist Teil von

• Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju, 2014-06, Vol.65 (2), p.157-167

Ort / Verlag

Croatia: De Gruyter Open

Erscheinungsjahr

2014

Link zum Volltext

Quelle

Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the possible ocular phototoxicity of drugs used in ophthalmic formulations. Sulphacetamide, ketoconazole, voriconazole, diclofenac, and ketorolac were assessed in the concentrations available in the market for their ocular use. The suitable models viz Hen’s Egg Test Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) test, Isolated Chicken Eye (ICE) test, and Red Blood Cell (RBC) haemolysis test as recommended by ECVAM, ICCVAM, and OECD guidelines were performed. Results of HET-CAM and ICE tests suggest that sulphacetamide is moderately toxic in the presence of light/UV-A and very slightly irritant without irradiation. Ketoconazole and voriconazole were found slightly irritant in presence of light/UV-A and non-irritant in dark. Diclofenac and ketorolac demonstrated slight irritancy in the light and were found to be non-irritant in dark. The results suggest that some of the drugs have potential toxic effect in the presence of light. The extent of phototoxicity might get extended when used for longer time. The recommendation is that these drugs should be stored and used in the dark for a specified time and be labelled with specific instructions for patients, especially for those working longer in the sunlight. Cilj ovog ispitivanja bio je istražiti moguću okularnu fototoksičnost lijekova koji se koriste u oftalmološkim formulacijama. Sulfacetamid, ketokonazol, vorikonazol, diklofenak i ketorolak ispitivani su u koncentracijama koje su dostupne na tržištu u njihovom obliku koji je namijenjen za okularnu uporabu. Primijenjeni su testovi iritacije na kokošjem jajetu (Hen’s Egg Test Chorioallantoic Membrane - HETCAM), izoliranom kokošjem oku (Isolated Chicken Eye - ICE) i test hemolize crvenih krvnih stanica (Red Blood Cell - RBC) prema preporukama ECVAM-a, ICCVAM-a i OECD-a. Rezultati HET-CAM i ICE testova upućuju na umjerenu toksičnost sulfacetamida u prisutnosti svjetla/UV-A te vrlo blagu iritaciju u mraku. Ketokonazol i vorikonazol pokazali su blagu iritaciju u prisutnosti svjetla/UV-A te nikakvu iritaciju u mraku. Diklofenak i ketorolak pokazali su blagu iritaciju na svjetlu i nikakvu iritaciju u mraku. Rezultati upućuju na moguću toksičnost nekih od navedenih lijekova u prisutnosti svjetla. Razmjer fototoksičnosti može biti povećan pri produljenoj uporabi lijeka. Preporučuje se čuvati navedene lijekove na zatamnjenome mjestu te ih označiti odgovarajućim uputama za korištenje, osobito za osobe koje su dulje vrijeme izložene sunčevoj svjetlosti.