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Tree death can be used to illustrate the variability of an ecological process in terms of rates, as well as causal factors or mechanisms. Tree mortality substantially increases the resources available to other organisms in the ecosystem. The dead tree itself is a major new resource for the ecosystem, whether as a snag or as a downed log. Abiotic and biotic causes of tree death, such as diseases, competition, and environmental stresses, are cited. Temporal and spatial variability of tree death rates are also considered.