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Inflammation alters the expression of DMT1, FPN1 and hepcidin, and it causes iron accumulation in central nervous system cells
Ist Teil von
Journal of neurochemistry, 2013-08, Vol.126 (4), p.541-549
Ort / Verlag
England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Erscheinungsjahr
2013
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
Free E-Journal (出版社公開部分のみ）
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Inflammation and iron accumulation are present in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases that include Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The study of the putative association between inflammation and iron accumulation in central nervous system cells is relevant to understand the contribution of these processes to the progression of neuronal death. In this study, we analyzed the effects of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and of lipopolysaccharide on total cell iron content and on the expression and abundance of the iron transporters divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and Ferroportin 1 (FPN1) in neurons, astrocytes and microglia obtained from rat brain. Considering previous reports indicating that inflammatory stimuli induce the systemic synthesis of the master iron regulator hepcidin, we identified brain cells that produce hepcidin in response to inflammatory stimuli, as well as hepcidin‐target cells. We found that inflammatory stimuli increased the expression of DMT1 in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. Inflammatory stimuli also induced the expression of hepcidin in astrocytes and microglia, but not in neurons. Incubation with hepcidin decreased the expression of FPN1 in the three cell types. The net result of these changes was increased iron accumulation in neurons and microglia but not in astrocytes. The data presented here establish for the first time a causal association between inflammation and iron accumulation in brain cells, probably promoted by changes in DMT1 and FPN1 expression and mediated in part by hepcidin. This connection may potentially contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases by enhancing iron‐induced oxidative damage.
Inflammation and iron accumulation are present in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. We analyzed the effects of the inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and Il‐6 and of LPS on total cell iron content and on the expression and abundance of the iron transporters DMT1 and FPN1 in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. Inflammatory stimuli increased expression of DMT1 in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, induced the expression of hepcidin in astrocytes and microglia but not in neurons. Incubation with hepcidin transiently decreased the expression of FPN1 in the three cell types. The net result of these changes was increased iron accumulation in neurons and microglia but not in astrocytes. The findings establish a causal association between inflammation and iron accumulation in brain cells, presumably by changes in DMT1 and FPN1 expression and mediated in part by hepcidin.