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Food size selection of four Daphnia species (D. magna, D. hyalina, D. galeata, D. pulicaria ) was investigated using spherical plastic beads as artificial food and with small bacteria. The size of the particles ranged from 0.1 to 35 mu m with special emphasis to the particle diameters between 0.1 and 1 mu m. In one set of experiments a mixture of differently sized particles was offered as food suspension and the selectivity of filtering was determined by comparing the size spectrum of the particles found in the gut contents with the spectrum in the food suspension. In a second series of experiments suspensions of uniformly sized particles were offered to single animals and their feeding activity was observed directly.