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Volatility implied from observed option contracts systematically varies with the contracts’ strike price and time to expiration, giving rise to an instantaneously non-flat implied volatility surface (IVS) that exhibits substantial time variation. We identify a number of latent factors that drive the dynamics of the IVSs from options on 11 Asian–Pacific exchange rates and show that these have a natural interpretation in the law of motion of each surface. We present evidence that these latent factors are related due to their common dependence on exogenous economy-wide variables. Findings suggest that the factors capturing (i) the volatility level of the Japanese yen and the Chinese yuan, (ii) the volatility term structure of the Japanese yen, Taiwanese and Australian dollars and (iii) the risk aversion towards the Australian dollar, Japanese yen and Chinese yuan seem to incorporate first the investors’ expectations regarding the volatility in the region.