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Creating and listening to
music typically depends on hearing, flexibility of the voice, motor skills, and cognitive
processing. Declines in these factors are not generally apparent prior to the sixth decade due
to compensation by flexible information processing. Musical activities of elderly people (with
a focus on Germany) are described, beginning with choir attendance, singing, and instrumental
training. The survey indicates a great interest among elderly persons to initiate opportunities
for making music by themselves; this suggests a new niche for professional music educators.
Changes in the lives of professional musicians at the age of retirement are described. Music
listening and music preferences are discussed, not only for normally aging people but also for
aged persons in clinics and caregiving homes. The significance of psychological research about
musical development for music therapy with elderly people is stressed.