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This paper studies the process of SiC abrasive particles abrasive flow machining iron-carbon alloy surface through molecular dynamics simulation from the microscopic angle of different cutting angles SiC particles cutting force, workpiece atomic energy, workpiece atomic displacement, workpiece internal lattice structure and dislocation variation law, explore and clarify the SiC abrasive particles micro-cutting iron-carbon alloy mechanism. The results show that, in the micro-cutting process, when the cutting angle of the abrasive increases, the working surface of the iron-carbon alloy will produce deeper cutting marks, the cutting force of the SiC particles and the atomic energy of the workpiece have an significant upward trend, the atomic displacement is more complex, the lattice deformation is intensified, and the reconstruction and amorphous phase transformation occur, the number of dislocations increases, and the distribution is denser, and the surface machining quality of the workpiece decreases. Therefore, selecting a smaller cutting angle can reduce the probability of forming the workpiece's internal defect structure and improve the workpiece's surface machining quality.