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Nitrogen pollution in wastewater causes environmental and health issues, prompting regulations on nitrogen discharge. While traditional biological treatment converts nitrogen to dinitrogen gas, it requires substantial resources. Alternatively, recuperating nitrogen for fertilizers could mitigate resource demands. This study optimized plant and system design for nitrogen recovery from aquaculture wastewater using aquaponics. Five plant species
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money plant (Epipremnum aureum), crotons (Codiaeum varigatum), arrowhead (Syngonium podophyllum), purple head plant (Tradescantia pallida), and brinjal (Solanum melongena) were screened for their ability to efficiently remove nitrate from aquaculture effluent in aquaponic systems. Their biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal efficiencies were also studied. The money plant showed superior biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal efficiency at 71.07%, indicating its potential as a BOD sink due to enhanced microbial activity in roots. The results also showed significant differences among species for nitrate extraction, with the money plant exhibiting the highest average nitrate-nitrogen removal efficiency at 78.92 ± 0.834%, surpassing crotons (73.6 ± 2.09%), arrowhead plant (73.07 ± 0.83%), purple heart plant (74.48 ± 0.9%), and brinjal (71.56 ± 1.54%). Optimal operational conditions were also determined. The results demonstrate that the selected plant species effectively maintained suitable water quality parameters for aquaponics cultivation, highlighting their potentials in treating aquaculture effluent. The findings provide valuable insights into selecting plants and engineering parameters to enhance aquaponics efficiency for sustainable wastewater and nutrient reuse.